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Lipidomics

Lipid annotations you can trust.

Rule-based annotation that reports only what the data supports: species level where the evidence stops at formula and class, molecular species level where the fragments resolve the chains. Every call carries the evidence behind it.

The bottleneck

In lipidomics, everything looks like everything else

One accurate mass fits half a dozen plausible lipids inside a couple of parts per million, and their MS2 spectra are variations on the same theme. No single measurement separates them. An annotation resting on one line of evidence is a guess with a decimal point on it, which is why the only honest approach is to use every piece of information the data holds.

  • Six candidate lipids within 1.3 ppm of the same accurate mass
  • MS2 spectra that differ by a fragment or two, not a fingerprint
  • Confidence that is asserted rather than computed

The workflow

From raw files to something you can publish.

Every step ships with default settings. You may customise each one, but you don’t have to.

  • Import

    All major vendors, including ion mobility data where you acquire it.

  • Detect and resolve

    Feature detection tuned for the lipid elution profile.

  • Annotate by rule

    Class and ion specific fragmentation rules, reported at the depth the fragments actually support.

  • Extend the rules

    Add your own lipid classes and fragmentation rules when the built-in set stops short.

  • Score the evidence

    Six independent lines of evidence combined into one number, each shown with its basis.

  • Review in the dashboard

    Class coverage, isotope patterns, Kendrick plots and matched MS2 signals in one place.

The annotation score

One score, six lines of evidence.

No single measurement separates two lipids that differ by a double bond position. So every line of evidence the data holds is scored on its own and combined into one number, with the basis for each printed next to it. You can see which part of the call is strong and which part is carrying the doubt.

Lipid annotation quality

TG 18:1_18:1_18:2 [M+NH4]+

Overall quality85%

High confidence

MS1 mass accuracy74%

-1.29 ppm

MS2 diagnostics83%

83.4% explained intensity, against class and ion specific fragmentation rules

Lipid ion vs ion identity100%

Feature [M+NH4]+ against lipid [M+NH4]+

Isotope pattern93%

Similarity score 0.93

Elution order100%

Carbon number trend 100%, double bond equivalent trend 100%

Interference risk100%

No competing lipid classes at this mass

Capabilities

What you get out of the box.

Lipid structure with two fatty-acid chains resolved to individual fragment peaks in the spectrum

LSI shorthand notation

Rule-based lipid annotations, respecting structural depth and shorthand notation as recommended by the Lipidomics Standard Initiative.

Custom classes and rules

Create your own custom lipid classes and fragmentation rules.

Lipid-aware QC

Quality control tools including Kendrick Mass Defect (KMD) plots, equivalent carbon number plots, and annotated MS2 spectra.

Every dimension used

Retention time, accurate mass, fragmentation and, where you acquire it, ion mobility. All of it feeds the same annotation score rather than sitting in separate columns.

In the software

The lipid dashboard.

Every annotation carries its own evidence: which fragments matched, how the isotope pattern compared with theory, and where the species sits against the equivalent carbon number model for its class. That is what makes a chain-resolved identification defensible rather than asserted.

Lipidomics
The mzmine lipid annotation dashboard: annotations counted by subclass, a per-annotation quality breakdown, the matched MS2 fragments with their neutral losses, a Kendrick mass defect plot, equivalent carbon number against retention time, and the measured isotope pattern against theory

In production

Labs already running this.

“At Novonesis, a global leader in biotechnology, we have been leveraging mzmine PRO for semi-automated processing of both high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry data across a wide range of research applications. The platform’s speed, flexibility, and intuitive interface have significantly enhanced our analytical workflows. Our collaboration with the mzio development team has been exceptionally agile, with rapid turnaround from concept to implementation, enabling us to accelerate innovation and streamline critical processes.”
Steen Buskov, PhD
Steen Buskov, PhD
Senior Department Manager · Novonesis, Denmark

The science

The methods behind this workflow, peer-reviewed.

2023
Integrative analysis of multimodal mass spectrometry data in MZmine 3 (opens in a new tab)
Schmid et al. · Nature Biotechnology 41, 447–449
The methods paper for the platform itself. Cite this one if you cite only one.
2025
Rapid MALDI-MS/MS-Based Profiling of Lipid A Species from Gram-Negative Bacteria Utilizing Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry and mzmine (opens in a new tab)
Rudt et al. · Analytical Chemistry 97, 7781–7788
Applied work from the mzio team, with Heuckeroth, Schmid, Pluskal and Korf as co-authors.
2019
Lipid Species Annotation at Double Bond Position Level with Custom Databases by Extension of the MZmine 2 Open-Source Software Package (opens in a new tab)
Korf, Jeck, Schmid et al. · Analytical Chemistry 91, 5098–5105
Custom lipid classes and double-bond-position annotation, the basis of the lipidomics rules.
2018
Three-dimensional Kendrick mass plots as a tool for graphical lipid identification (opens in a new tab)
Korf, Vosse, Schmid et al. · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 32, 981–991
The original Kendrick mass defect work these tools grew out of.

Resources

Go deeper on Lipidomics

We have written this up in more detail. There are one poster and one paper. One short form and all of it unlocks.

Get started

See it on your own data.

Send us a few representative files. We will build the lipidomics workflow and show you the result before you commit to anything.