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MS Imaging

Spatial molecular maps, pixel by pixel.

A non-target imaging workflow that treats every pixel as a real spectrum, with on-tissue MS2, co-localisation and molecular networking in the same environment.

The bottleneck

Imaging data is usually analysed as pictures, not as spectra

Most imaging software renders ion images beautifully and then stops. The underlying spectra are locked away, MS2 is acquired separately if at all, and comparing two tissue sections means exporting to a third tool.

  • Ion images without the MS2 evidence behind them
  • Sections analysed one at a time rather than as a study
  • No path from a spatial pattern to a molecular identity

The workflow

From raw files to something you can publish.

Every step ships with default settings. You may customise each one, but you don’t have to.

  • Import

    imzML and vendor imaging formats, with every pixel kept as a real spectrum.

  • Detect across pixels

    Mass detection and feature finding applied to the whole section rather than to an average.

  • Acquire on-tissue MS2

    Dataset-dependent MS2 planned across the section on timsTOF fleX instruments.

  • Process every image together

    Sections analysed in parallel as one study, not one at a time.

  • Co-localise

    Ion images ranked by how closely their distributions track each other.

  • Annotate and network

    Spatial patterns carried through to molecular identities in the same environment.

Capabilities

What you get out of the box.

Ion intensity map of a tissue section rendered as a false-colour molecular image

Non-target imaging workflow

Novel non-target imaging data analysis workflow.

Every image, together

Analyse all images in parallel.

Co-localisation analysis

Identify groups using the co-localization and molecular networking tools. Co-localization analysis and results viewer.

Pixel-level raw access

Deep dive into your imaging raw data. You have access to each pixel's raw data

In the software

The co-localisation view.

Pick one ion and every other one is ranked by how closely its distribution matches. Here the two closest matches to PI 38:4 are its own isotopes, which is the check that the ranking is doing what it claims, and below them sit the other phosphatidylinositols that map to the same regions. You read the tissue, rather than scrolling a list of m/z values hoping to recognise one.

MS Imaging
The mzmine co-localisation view: a selected ion image of PI 38:4 at m/z 885.5497 across a seven-millimetre brain section, the mass spectrum of its correlated features beside it, and a grid of further ion images ranked by how closely their distribution matches, from 0.990 down to 0.886

The science

The methods behind this workflow, peer-reviewed.

2023
Integrative analysis of multimodal mass spectrometry data in MZmine 3 (opens in a new tab)
Schmid et al. · Nature Biotechnology 41, 447–449
The methods paper for the platform itself. Cite this one if you cite only one.
2025
Rapid MALDI-MS/MS-Based Profiling of Lipid A Species from Gram-Negative Bacteria Utilizing Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry and mzmine (opens in a new tab)
Rudt et al. · Analytical Chemistry 97, 7781–7788
Applied work from the mzio team, with Heuckeroth, Schmid, Pluskal and Korf as co-authors.
2023
On-tissue dataset-dependent MALDI-TIMS-MS2 bioimaging (opens in a new tab)
Heuckeroth et al. · Nature Communications 14, 7495
SIMSEF: systematic on-tissue MS2 acquisition.

Resources

Go deeper on MS Imaging

We have written this up in more detail. There are one poster and one paper. One short form and all of it unlocks.

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See it on your own data.

Send us a few representative files. We will build the ms imaging workflow and show you the result before you commit to anything.